置管溶栓与机械吸栓治疗急性下肢动脉血栓的安全性与疗效比较

目的:比较机械吸栓(PMT)与置管溶栓(CDT)治疗急性下肢动脉血栓的安全性与临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年7月—2018年3月因急性下肢动脉血栓形成接受腔内介入治疗的67例患者的临床资料。其中37例行PMT治疗(PMT组),30例行CDT治疗(CDT组),比较两组的围手术期相关指标。结果:两组患者术前指标、术后需进一步行球囊扩张+支架植入的患者例数、一期血管开通率以及12个月一期血管通畅率均无统计学差异(均P0.05)。PMT组平均住院时间明显低于CDT组[(5.8±0.8)d vs.(8.9±0.6)d,P0.05],但平均住院费用高于CDT组[(7.0±1.1)万元vs.(4.8±0.8)万元,P0.05]。两组患者术后严重出血、术后截肢、穿刺处血肿、穿刺处感染、肾功能不全发生率均无统计学差异(均P0.05),但PMT组术后总并发症发生率明显低于CDT组(5.4%vs. 26.7%,P0.05)。结论:PMT与CDT在治疗急性下肢动脉血栓方面同样是安全、有效的。PMT相对于CDT术后总并发症发生率和住院时间减少,但住院费用增加。     

The predictive value of crescents in adult Henoch-Sch?lein purpura nephritis

Objective To study the renal prognosis with the type and proportion of crescentic in adult Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). Methods A total of 275 HSPN cases diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University were retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological results, they were divided into four groups: 99 patients in none crescent group (NC), 35 patients in segmental crescents group (SC), 122 patients with circumferential crescent ＜25% (C1), and 19 patients with circumferential crescent≥25% (C2). Renal prognostic events were defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreased by 30% over baseline within 2 years, doubling of serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the renal survival rate of each group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression model was used to recognize the risk factor of poor renal outcome. Results There was no significant difference in age, extra renal organ performance and mean arterial pressure among groups. Among NC group, SC group, C1 group and C2 group, difference in serum creatinine (P=0.001), eGFR (P=0.003) and proteinuria levels (P＜0.001) were statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the ratio of global sclerosis, mesangial hypercellularity and interstitial inflammation/fibrosis among the groups. The patients were followed up for 86(58, 116) months. The renal survival rates of NC group, SC group, C1 group and C2 group were 96%, 100%, 83.6% and 68.4% respectively. Kaplan-meier survival analysis showed significant differences (Log Rank=23.24, P＜0.001). Cox multivariate regression analysis indicated that presence of circumferential crescent (HR=3.59, 95%CI 1.34-9.62, P=0.008) and low eGFR (HR=0.979, 95%CI 0.968-0.989, P＜0.001) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion The presence of circumferential crescent and low eGFR level are independent risk factors for poor renal prognosis in HSPN patients.     

Melatonin safeguards against fatty liver by antagonizing TRAFs‐mediated ASK1 deubiquitination and stabilization in a β‐arrestin‐1 dependent manner

Melatonin has been previously shown to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identified a previously unknown regulatory action of melatonin on apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD. Although melatonin administration did not alter food intake, it significantly alleviated fatty liver phenotypes, including the body weight gain, insulin resistance, hepatic lipid accumulation, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis in a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced NAFLD mouse model (in vivo). The protection of melatonin against NAFLD was not affected by inactivation of Kupffer cell in this model. In NAFLD mice liver, ASK1 signal cascade was substantially activated, evidence by the enhancement of total ASK1, phospho‐ASK1, phospho‐MKK3/6, phospho‐p38, phospho‐MKK4/7, and phospho‐JNK. Melatonin treatment significantly suppressed the ASK1 upregulation and the phosphorylation of ASK1, MKK3/6, MKK4/7, p38, and JNK. Mechanistically, we found that lipid stress triggered the interaction between ASK1 and TNF receptor‐associated factors (TRAFs), including TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF6, which resulted in ASK1 deubiquitination and thereby increased ASK1 protein stability. Melatonin did not alter ASK1 mRNA level; however, it activated a scaffold protein β‐arrestin‐1 and enabled it to bind to ASK1, which antagonized the TRAFs‐mediated ASK1 deubiquitination, and thus reduced ASK1 protein stability. Consistent with these findings, knockout of β‐arrestin‐1 in mice partly abolished the protection of melatonin against NAFLD. Taken together, our results for the first time demonstrate that melatonin safeguards against NAFLD by eliminating ASK1 activation via inhibiting TRAFs‐mediated ASK1 deubiquitination and stabilization in a β‐arrestin‐1 dependent manner.     

Characterization of viral genomic mutations in novel influenza A (H7N9)-infected patients: the association between oseltamivir-resistant variants and viral shedding duration

Since February 2013, human infections with the novel influenza A H7N9 virus have occurred in eastern China. It is important to detect mutations in viral genes and analyze the clinical features of patients and viral shedding duration related to neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) resistance. We collected clinical specimens from 31 hospitalized H7N9 patients and sequenced NA, PB2, HA, and M gene fragments. Of the 31 identified patients, 7 (22.6%) carried the R292K substitution in NA, 30 (96.8%), 3 (9.7%), and 5 (16.1%) carried E627K, Q591K, and D701N mutations in PB2, respectively, and 2 (6.5%) carried both E627K and D701N mutations in PB2. All 26 identified patients harbored Q226L mutations and possessed only a single arginine (R) at cleavage sites in the HA and a S31N mutation in M2. Among 7 NA-R292K mutated patients, 3 died and 4 were discharged. There was no significant difference in the days that patients started oseltamivir treatment after symptom onset between NA-R292K mutant and NA-R292 wild-type patients (median days, 7 vs 6, P?=?0.374). NA-R292K mutant patients had a significantly longer duration of viral shedding than NA-R292 wild-type patients after oseltamivir treatment (median days, 10 vs 5, P?=?0.022). The mutation of R292K in NA conferring the potential ability of oseltamivir resistance resulted in prolonged viral duration and poor outcome and should be taken into consideration in the clinical management of infected patients.

     

血小板减少合并缺血性卒中的诊治进展

在临床中，如果免疫性血小板减少（immune thrombocytopenia，ITP）、肝素诱发的血小板减少 （heparin-induced thrombocytopenia，HIT）、血栓性血小板减少性紫癜（thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura， TTP）等血小板减少疾病患者合并缺血性卒中，其治疗存在矛盾。本文对血小板减少的病因机制及血小 板减少合并急性缺血性卒中时静脉溶栓、机械取栓及抗血小板治疗等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Spermatogenesis in Rats with Oligozoospermia of Insufficiency of Shen (Kidney) Essence Syndrome

Objective: To assess the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on expression of cytoskeletal proteins from Sertoli cells(SCs) and spermatogenesis in rats with oligozoospermia of insufficiency of Shen(Kidney)essence syndrome(OIKES).Methods: Twenty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups using a random number table: control,tripterygium glycosides(TG) treatment,sham and EA groups(n=5 in each group).A rat model of OIKES was established by oral gavage with TG.The EA group was treated with TG and received EA at Shenshu(BL 23) and Zusanli(ST 36) acupoints for 20 min,once daily for 30 days,while the sham group received EA at identical acupoints with skin penetration without stimulation.After 30 days,the ?nal body weight and coef?cients for the testis and epididymis were calculated and sperm parameters were measured.Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect expression of vimentin and α-tubulin in SCs and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) immunoreactivity in germ cells.Apoptosis in germ cells was quanti?ed by the transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling assay.Results: Compared with the control group,the final body weight and testis/epididymis coefficients of rats in the TG-treated group were not significantly different,but the sperm count and motility were lower(P0.05).Expressions of vimentin and α-tubulin were also signi?cantly weaker(P0.01).The PCNA immunoreactivity of germ cells was decreased(P=0.059),whereas the apoptotic index of germ cells was increased signi?cantly(P0.01).In contrast,EA at BL 23 and ST 36 acupoints signi?cantly improved the ?nal body weight as well as the sperm count,concentration and motility(P0.01 or P0.05).EA increased expression of vimentin and α-tubulin in SCs markedly,and signi?cantly enhanced PCNA immunoreactivity with decreased apoptosis in germ cells(P0.01 or P0.05).Conclusions: EA at BL 23 and ST 36 acupoints has protective effects on spermatogenesis in rats with OIKES.This effect seems to be achieved by attenuating TG-induced disruption of cytoskeletal protein in SCs.     

左卡尼汀治疗心肌炎的临床效果与安全性观察

目的对心肌炎患者采用左卡尼汀治疗的效果和安全性进行探究。方法研究对象以2018年7月-2019年9月收治的心肌炎患者82例为对象,以随机数字表划分为常规组和研究组,两组患者每组41例。采用常规治疗方式对常规组进行治疗,在此基础上,采用左卡尼汀对研究组进行治疗。在治疗结束后,观察并比较临床疗效和用药过程的安全问题。结果研究组的治疗总有效率为97.6%,但常规组的治疗总有效率只有80.5%,从结果来看研究组的治疗有效率更高,效果更佳突出,组间结果差异对比(P <0.05)。在不良反应方面,研究组的不良反应(4.9%)虽然比常规组(2.4%)更高,然而从统计学结果来看差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论针对心肌炎患者采用左卡尼汀进行治疗具有很好的效果,而且具有很高的安全性。